O que é a internet das coisas?

O termo foi cunhado por Kevin Ashton em 1999 em uma palestra sobre tecnologia RFID

“We’re physical, and so is our environment. Our economy, society and survival aren’t based on ideas or information—they’re based on things. You can’t eat bits, burn them to stay warm or put them in your gas tank. Ideas and information are important, but things matter much more. Yet today’s information technology is so dependent on data originated by people that our computers know more about ideas than things.”

— Kevin Ashton, The Internet of Things

Resumindo…

– Três eras da internet: Mainframes, Computadores pessoais e Internet das Coisas

– Internet das coisas: Computação Ubíqua (Weiser, 1991), Computação Pervasiva (

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Hansmann et al, 2003), Computação Física (Greenwold, 2003, Igoe & Sullivan, 2004), Mídia Tangível (Ishii & Tangible Media Group, 2000), Everyware (Greenfield, 2006).

“as human machine interaction in which the machine retains and manipulates referents to real objects and spaces. Instead of manipulating simulated representations via screen, physical computing argues for direct manipulation of the physical computing object, in order to explore a sensory richness that can be reduced through screen based elements. When the computing object centers the interface of interaction in the GUI, the visual sense tends to be privileged over others and demands a focused cognitive attention; while the interaction with the entire physicality of the machine tends to explore cognitive and perceptual capacities. ”

— Computação Física (Greenwold, 2003)

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Em contraste, uma interface tangível (TUI) “gives physical form to digital information, employing physical artifacts both as representations and controls for computational media” (Ullmer& Ishii, H, 2000, p2). Interfaces tangíveis (por exemplo, os ábacos, servem como representações físicas manipuláveis ao mesmo tempo em que servem como instrumentos de processamento computacional.

Greenfield: all these different manifestations of ubiquitous computing, tangible interface and physical computing manifest through the interconnectivity of many technological protocols, such as radio frequency identification tags, high-bandwidth, long distance wireless networking, and act on different scales of architecture, from smart buildings, to facial recognition systems and networked health monitors that instantly inform about our physiological performance. Greenfield brings important contributions to the debate about ubiquitous computing, specially regarding the discussion of how the colonization of everyday life by information technology is weaved in different scales of network architecture, from the biological body to the ideological institution; and also about how ubicomp is strongly implied as a political agenda of security post 9-11, as a tool for surveillance and control.